Cold sore

Herpes simplex is a common viral infection that presents with localised blistering.

It affects most people on one or more occasions during their lives.

HSV is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with someone with active herpes simplex, which is infectious for 7–12 days.

Asymptomatic shedding of the virus in saliva or genital secretions can also lead to transmission of HSV, but this is infrequent,

The incubation period is 2–12 days.

Types

Type 1 HSV is mainly associated with oral and facial infections

Type 2 HSV is mainly associated with genital and rectal infections

Triggers

Minor trauma, surgery or procedures to the affected area

Upper respiratory tract infections

Sun exposure

Hormonal factors (in women, flares are not uncommon prior to menstruation)

Emotional stress

Management

Zovirax cream

Acyclovir

Valaciclovir