Paediatrics 101-150 MRQ

A 17-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset difficulty breathing, after being stung by a bee. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis. On examination, you look for clinical signs indicative of a anaphylactic reaction.

Which of the following are common signs of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 33-year-old female presents with sudden onset wheezing, generalized rash, and dizziness after receiving an intravenous antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and monitor her clinical signs to assess severity.

Which of the following are recognized signs of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 15-year-old female presents with sudden onset facial swelling, generalized rash, and respiratory distress after receiving an intravenous antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer intramuscular adrenaline. To confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the reaction, you consider which investigations to request.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old male presents with sudden onset rash, swelling, and respiratory difficulty after consuming shellfish. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You consider which investigations will confirm the diagnosis and assist in determining the causative allergen.

Which of the following investigations would be most appropriate? Select four (4) correct answers.

A 15-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with sudden onset generalized rash, facial swelling, shortness of breath, and dizziness after consuming shellfish at a restaurant. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and monitor the patient’s vital signs closely. Despite initial management, the patient remains hypotensive, with persistent respiratory distress.

Which of the following are appropriate management strategies for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sudden onset tongue swelling, generalized rash, and difficulty breathing after taking a new medication. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis. The patient continues to experience respiratory distress and low blood pressure.

Which of the following are appropriate steps in managing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old male presents with sudden onset generalized urticaria, facial swelling, difficulty breathing, and hypotension after receiving an intravenous antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis. The patient stabilizes after initial management but remains under observation due to concerns about potential complications.

Which of the following are recognized complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 14-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sudden onset facial swelling, generalized rash, and respiratory distress after consuming shellfish. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels for confirmation. The patient responds to treatment but remains under observation due to the risk of potential complications.

Which of the following are possible complications that could occur following this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 11-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sudden onset facial swelling, generalized urticaria, and hypotension after consuming seafood. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and observe the patient closely. She stabilizes after initial management and asks about her long-term outlook and risk of future episodes.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 15-year-old male presents with sudden onset throat tightness, generalized rash, and difficulty breathing after taking an antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and monitor the patient’s response. He stabilizes and inquires about his long-term risks and likelihood of recurrence.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old boy presents with a history of frequent nighttime bedwetting episodes. He has been toilet-trained since the age of 3 but continues to wet the bed multiple nights a week. His parents are concerned and ask about potential causes. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a detailed voiding diary and urinalysis to rule out infections.

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-year-old girl is brought in by her parents due to persistent nighttime bedwetting. She has no daytime urinary symptoms and no signs of infection. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a bladder diary and urinalysis to rule out underlying conditions. The parents ask about factors that may contribute to her condition.

Which of the following are common risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old boy presents with his parents who report that he wets the bed several nights a week. He has been toilet-trained during the day since age 3, but nighttime control remains an issue. There are no signs of urinary tract infection, and he denies any daytime incontinence. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a detailed voiding diary and urinalysis to rule out infections.

Which of the following are recognized symptoms of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-year-old boy presents with ongoing nighttime bedwetting. His parents report that he wets the bed almost every night despite consistent toilet training during the day. There are no daytime urinary symptoms or signs of infection. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a bladder diary and urinalysis to exclude underlying causes.

Which of the following are recognized clinical features of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 8-year-old girl presents with a history of persistent bedwetting. Her parents report that she wakes up in wet clothing and does not recall the events. She has no daytime urinary symptoms, and previous urine tests have been normal. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a voiding diary and physical examination.

Which of the following are clinical features you would expect to find in this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old boy presents with a history of persistent bedwetting occurring almost every night. He is toilet-trained during the day and does not report any daytime urinary symptoms. His parents deny a history of urinary tract infections, and there are no concerns about fluid intake or constipation. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and plan to investigate further.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate to confirm the diagnosis and rule out underlying causes? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 8-year-old girl presents with ongoing bedwetting despite daytime toilet training being achieved years ago. She experiences no daytime incontinence, constipation, or infections. Her parents are concerned about potential underlying conditions. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and consider appropriate investigations.

Which of the following investigations would be useful to confirm the diagnosis and identify contributing factors? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 8-year-old boy presents with persistent nighttime bedwetting, occurring at least four times per week. He has been toilet-trained during the day since age three and has no daytime urinary symptoms. His parents report that he sleeps deeply and is difficult to awaken. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and have ruled out underlying medical causes through urinalysis and bladder ultrasound.

Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for managing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old girl is brought to the clinic for persistent bedwetting, occurring at least three nights a week. There are no daytime urinary symptoms, and investigations including urinalysis and bladder ultrasound are normal. Her parents are concerned about how to manage the condition and seek guidance.

Which of the following would be appropriate management options for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 9-year-old boy presents with ongoing nighttime bedwetting, occurring almost every night. His parents report that he has been toilet-trained during the day since age three and has no daytime urinary symptoms. They express concern about the potential long-term effects of his condition. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a voiding diary, urinalysis, and bladder ultrasound to rule out underlying issues.

Which of the following are possible complications of this condition if left unmanaged? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old girl presents with frequent nighttime bedwetting. Despite multiple behavioral interventions, she continues to wet the bed at least three times a week. She is emotionally distressed, avoids social activities, and her parents are concerned about potential long-term issues. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a bladder diary, urinalysis, and an abdominal ultrasound to exclude underlying causes.

Which of the following are potential complications associated with this condition if it remains unmanaged? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old boy presents with persistent bedwetting occurring almost every night. He has been toilet-trained during the day since age three and has no daytime urinary symptoms. His parents are concerned about how long the condition will last and whether it will resolve naturally. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and request a voiding diary, urinalysis, and bladder ultrasound to rule out any underlying pathology.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 8-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with persistent nighttime bedwetting, occurring at least three times a week. She has no daytime urinary symptoms, and previous investigations including urinalysis and bladder ultrasound have been normal. Her parents inquire about the likelihood of the condition resolving over time. You suspect nocturnal enuresis and plan a comprehensive management approach.

Which of the following factors are associated with a favorable prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 4-month-old infant presents with a 2-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and increased work of breathing. On examination, the infant has mild intercostal recession, tachypnea, and bilateral wheeze. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. The parents are concerned as this is the infant’s first episode of severe respiratory symptoms. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab for viral testing, a chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia, and monitor oxygen saturation levels.

Which of the following factors are considered risk factors for developing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-month-old male infant presents with difficulty breathing, feeding difficulties, and a cough. He was born at 35 weeks gestation.You suspect bronchiolitis and request a chest X-ray, nasopharyngeal aspirate for viral testing, and continuous pulse oximetry.

Which of the following are considered significant risk factors for developing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old female infant presents with a history of cough, nasal discharge, for three days. The mother reports increased sleepiness and occasional pauses in breathing. On examination, the infant is lethargic, and oxygen saturation of 92% on room air. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal aspirate, chest X-ray, and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following are typical clinical features of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 4-month-old male infant presents with a three-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and poor feeding. His mother reports that his breathing has become more labored over the past 24 hours. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab for viral testing, continuous oxygen saturation monitoring, and a chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia.

Which of the following clinical signs would you expect to find in this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 5-month-old infant presents with a three-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and reduced feeding. On examination, the infant is alert but displays mild intercostal recession, nasal flaring, and bilateral wheeze. Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. Feeding has reduced by half, but the infant is still passing urine. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab for viral analysis and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following are appropriate management strategies for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old girl presents with a four-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and poor feeding. She has developed increased work of breathing over the last day, with intercostal recession, nasal flaring, and tachypnea. Oxygen saturation is 91% on room air. The parents are concerned about her feeding, as she is taking less than half of her usual intake. You suspect bronchiolitis and request nasopharyngeal swab for RSV testing and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following management strategies would be appropriate? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-month-old male infant presents with a five-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and difficulty feeding. Over the last 24 hours, his breathing has become more labored, with noticeable intercostal recession and nasal flaring. Oxygen saturation is 91% on room air, and his feeding has reduced significantly. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab for viral analysis, chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia, and continuous oxygen saturation monitoring.

Which of the following are potential complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old female infant presents with a six-day history of nasal congestion, cough, and increased work of breathing. The parents report poor feeding and episodes where the infant appears to stop breathing briefly. On examination, the infant has intercostal retractions, oxygen saturation of 90% on room air, and a moderate fever. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab, chest X-ray, and continuous monitoring.

Which of the following are possible complications associated with this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-month-old male infant presents with a five-day history of cough, nasal congestion, and difficulty feeding. The infant was born prematurely at 34 weeks and has a history of neonatal intensive care admission. On examination, he has intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and oxygen saturation of 91% on room air. You suspect bronchiolitis and request a nasopharyngeal swab, continuous oxygen monitoring, and a chest X-ray to rule out secondary bacterial infection. The parents inquire about the potential long-term outcomes and prognosis.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 4-month-old female infant is admitted with severe respiratory distress, poor feeding, and low oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. She was born at term, has no significant medical history, but lives in a household where both parents smoke. The infant required supplemental oxygen during this illness. You suspect bronchiolitis and request continuous oxygen monitoring, nasopharyngeal viral swab, and a chest X-ray to assess for complications. The parents are concerned about long-term outcomes and ask about her prognosis.

Which of the following factors are associated with a favorable prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 7-year-old boy presents with increasing shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor appetite over the past week. His mother reports that he has been less active and has developed swelling around his ankles. On examination, he is tachycardic, with mild hepatomegaly and reduced breath sounds at the lung bases. Oxygen saturation is 95% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and serum electrolytes to assess cardiac function and potential complications.

Which of the following factors are significant risk factors for developing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 5-year-old girl presents with difficulty breathing, fatigue, and poor weight gain over the past month. She has a history of complex congenital heart disease, for which she underwent surgical repair in infancy. Her parents report episodes of palpitations and occasional fainting. On examination, she has peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and tachypnea. Oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and renal function tests.

Which of the following are significant risk factors for developing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 5-year-old boy presents with progressive fatigue, breathlessness, and swelling of the lower limbs. His parents report that he has been less active and experiencing occasional coughing, especially at night.. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and serum electrolytes to assess cardiac function and identify any complications.

Which of the following are clinical signs you would expect to find in this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old infant presents with feeding difficulties, poor weight gain, and rapid breathing. The mother reports the baby becomes sweaty and irritable during feeds. Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and serum electrolytes.

Which of the following are clinical signs associated with this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-year-old boy presents with a one-week history of progressive shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor appetite. His mother reports that he becomes breathless with minimal exertion and has developed swelling in his ankles. On examination, he has tachycardia, a displaced apex beat, bilateral basal crackles, and hepatomegaly. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and need to confirm the diagnosis and assess for underlying causes.

Which investigations would you request to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the severity of the condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old infant presents with poor feeding, excessive sweating during feeds, and poor weight gain. The mother reports the infant has been increasingly fatigued and breathless during feeding. On examination, the infant is tachypneic, with intercostal retractions, hepatomegaly, and mild peripheral edema. Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and need to conduct investigations to confirm the diagnosis and assess the underlying cause.

Which of the following investigations would be most appropriate to confirm the diagnosis and assess severity? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 4-year-old girl presents with increasing fatigue, poor appetite, and progressive shortness of breath over the past two weeks. Her mother reports swelling in her lower limbs and occasional coughing at night. On examination, the child has a heart rate of 130 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, hepatomegaly, and bilateral pedal edema. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, serum electrolytes, and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following are appropriate initial management strategies for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-month-old infant presents with poor feeding, rapid breathing, and excessive sweating during feeds. The mother reports weight loss and fatigue. On examination, the infant has tachycardia, intercostal retractions, hepatomegaly, and periorbital edema. Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, serum electrolytes, and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate initial management steps for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 6-year-old boy presents with progressive breathlessness, fatigue, and poor weight gain over the past month. His mother reports reduced activity levels, swelling around his ankles, and episodes of coughing at night. On examination, the child has a heart rate of 120 bpm, bilateral basal crackles, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, serum electrolytes, and continuous oxygen monitoring.

Which of the following are potential complications of this condition if not managed promptly? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-month-old infant presents with difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, and rapid breathing. The mother reports excessive sweating during feeds and irritability. On examination, the infant is tachypneic, with intercostal retractions, hepatomegaly, and periorbital edema. Oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and serum electrolytes.

Which of the following are potential complications of this condition if not treated promptly? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 5-year-old boy presents with progressive breathlessness, fatigue, and poor appetite over the past month. His parents report that he is less active, has developed swelling around his ankles, and experiences occasional episodes of coughing at night. On examination, the child has a heart rate of 125 bpm, hepatomegaly, and peripheral edema. Oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, serum electrolytes, chest X-ray, and continuous oxygen monitoring. The parents ask about the long-term prognosis.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-month-old infant presents with difficulty feeding, excessive sweating during feeds, and poor weight gain. On examination, the infant is tachypneic, with intercostal retractions, hepatomegaly, and periorbital edema. Oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. You suspect acute heart failure and request an echocardiogram, serum electrolytes, chest X-ray, and continuous oxygen monitoring. The parents inquire about the long-term outlook and prognosis.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.