Paediatrics 51-100 MRQ

A 7-year-old girl presents with recurrent episodes of joint stiffness and swelling, particularly in the morning. The symptoms primarily affect her knees and wrists and have been ongoing for the past three months. Her parents report that she has difficulty engaging in sports due to joint discomfort. There is no history of trauma. The family is concerned about possible underlying conditions contributing to her joint issues.You suspect Juvenile idiopathic Arthritis

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-year-old boy presents with a three-month history of intermittent joint swelling and morning stiffness, mainly affecting his ankles and wrists. His symptoms improve slightly during the day. His mother mentions a family history of rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism. There are no recent infections or injuries. The parents are concerned about underlying causes contributing to his symptoms.

Which of the following are established risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 9-year-old girl presents with a three-month history of morning joint stiffness and swelling in the wrists and knees. The stiffness lasts for over an hour and improves as the day progresses. She has occasional low-grade fevers and decreased interest in physical activities. There is no significant past medical history or recent infections. The parents are concerned about underlying causes and long-term joint health.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate to confirm the diagnosis and assess disease severity? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-year-old boy presents with bilateral knee swelling and morning stiffness for the past four months. The stiffness lasts for over an hour, and the swelling has gradually increased. There are occasional low-grade fevers, and the child has reduced his physical activity. There is a family history of autoimmune conditions. The parents are concerned about the cause and potential investigations.

Which of the following investigations are appropriate for diagnosis and monitoring of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 9-year-old girl presents with a three-month history of swelling and morning stiffness in her wrists and knees. The stiffness lasts over an hour and improves as the day progresses. She reports occasional low-grade fevers and reduced participation in sports. Initial blood tests reveal elevated inflammatory markers, and ANA is positive. Imaging shows mild synovial thickening but no erosions. The parents are concerned about managing her symptoms and preventing long-term joint damage.

Which of the following management strategies are appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

 

A 10-year-old boy presents with bilateral knee swelling and prolonged morning stiffness. The symptoms have persisted for over four months despite initial NSAID therapy. He has reduced physical activity due to joint pain. Imaging confirms early synovitis without joint damage. The family seeks information on long-term management to control symptoms and prevent disease progression.

Which of the following management options are appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-year-old girl presents with a six-month history of knee and wrist swelling, morning stiffness lasting over an hour, and reduced physical activity. She has responded well to NSAIDs and physiotherapy, with significant improvement in joint mobility and reduction in pain. Her ANA test is negative, and there is no evidence of joint damage on imaging. The parents are concerned about the long-term outcome and potential for ongoing complications.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 12-year-old boy has been diagnosed with arthritis affecting multiple joints, including knees and wrists. Initial treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids provided temporary relief, but symptoms have since recurred. Imaging shows early joint space narrowing, and ANA is positive. The parents are concerned about the long-term outlook and potential disability.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-year-old boy presents with a three-day history of a harsh, barking cough and hoarse voice. His parents report that the symptoms worsen at night, and he has mild respiratory distress. He has history of frequent upper respiratory tract infections. There is no history of allergy or asthma.

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-year-old girl is brought in with a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness. Symptoms began two days ago and worsen at night. The child has a history of recurrent upper respiratory infections.

Which of the following are common risk factors associated with this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a three-day history of cough, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing, which worsens at night. His parents describe the cough as “barking” and report noisy breathing, particularly when he inhales. On examination, the child appears alert but shows signs of mild respiratory distress.

Which of the following are common clinical signs associated with this condition? Select three (3) correct answers.

A 2-year-old boy presents with a two-day history of a harsh, barking cough, hoarseness, and mild respiratory distress that worsens at night. On examination, he has inspiratory stridor but is maintaining oxygen saturation above 95% on room air. His parents report no history of recent foreign body aspiration. The child has no significant medical history, and his immunizations are up to date.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate to confirm the diagnosis and rule out complications? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-year-old girl presents with a three-day history of hoarseness, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor, particularly worsening at night. Her parents are concerned about her breathing. On examination, she has mild intercostal retractions but no cyanosis. Her immunizations are incomplete. The clinical team wants to confirm the diagnosis and rule out alternative causes.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate in this case? Select four (4) correct answers.

A 3-year-old boy presents with a two-day history of a barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor, which worsens at night. On examination, the child is alert, has mild intercostal recession, and oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. He is feeding well and appears comfortable when calm. The clinical team aims to manage his symptoms and prevent deterioration.

Which of the following management strategies would be appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-year-old girl presents with a three-day history of a barking cough, hoarseness, and mild respiratory distress. She has a mild inspiratory stridor at rest, which worsens with agitation. Her oxygen saturation is 95% on room air. The clinical team aims to manage her condition promptly to avoid complications.

Which of the following are appropriate management strategies for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-year-old boy presents with a four-day history of barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor that worsens at night. His initial symptoms improved with corticosteroid therapy, but he has now developed increasing respiratory distress and appears fatigued. On examination, his oxygen saturation is 92% on room air, and there are signs of moderate respiratory effort. The clinical team is concerned about potential complications.

Which of the following are recognized complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a three-day history of hoarseness, barking cough, and worsening stridor. Despite initial treatment with corticosteroids, she now appears lethargic, refuses to eat or drink, and has increased work of breathing. The clinical team is concerned about potential complications.

Which of the following are known complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 2-year-old boy presents with a three-day history of barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor. His symptoms improved significantly after treatment with a single dose of oral corticosteroids. He has no history of prior croup episodes, and his parents are concerned about long-term outcomes and whether the condition is likely to recur.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 3-year-old girl was recently treated for moderate croup with corticosteroids and nebulized adrenaline. Her symptoms resolved within 48 hours, and she has since been symptom-free. Her parents are concerned about the likelihood of recurrence and potential for long-term complications.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 9-month-old boy presents to the emergency department with episodes of sudden, severe abdominal pain, during which he cries inconsolably and draws his knees to his chest. Between episodes, he appears lethargic. The mother reports noticing a small amount of blood in his stool. The child has a history of recent viral gastroenteritis. There is no significant family history of gastrointestinal disorders.

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 18-month-old girl presents with intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and a red, jelly-like stool. The mother reports that the symptoms started after a recent episode of viral gastroenteritis. On examination, the child appears pale and distressed. The abdomen is tender but soft, and there is no palpable mass.

Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-month-old boy presents with intermittent episodes of severe, colicky abdominal pain, during which he draws his knees to his chest and cries inconsolably. The mother reports the presence of red, jelly-like stools over the past few hours. On examination, the child appears lethargic and has a soft, distended abdomen with mild tenderness. The clinical team wants to confirm the diagnosis and rule out complications.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate for confirming the diagnosis and assessing severity? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 18-month-old girl presents with a one-day history of severe intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting. She has passed a small amount of blood-stained stool, and her abdomen appears distended. On examination, a palpable sausage-shaped mass is noted in the right upper quadrant. The clinical team aims to confirm the diagnosis and exclude potential complications.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate in this case? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 12-month-old boy presents with intermittent episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and passing red, jelly-like stools. On examination, the child appears pale and lethargic, with a palpable sausage-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. Ultrasound confirms the diagnosis, showing the classic “target sign.” The child is stable, with normal oxygen saturation and heart rate. The clinical team is preparing to initiate appropriate management.

Which of the following management strategies would be appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 18-month-old girl presents with a two-day history of intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and passage of blood-stained stools. An abdominal ultrasound confirms intussusception. The child is lethargic, mildly dehydrated, but hemodynamically stable. The clinical team aims to manage the condition promptly to avoid complications.

Which of the following are appropriate management strategies for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-month-old boy presents to the emergency department with intermittent severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, jelly-like stools. Ultrasound confirms the diagnosis, and an air enema reduction is successfully performed. However, the child continues to be lethargic, with mild abdominal distension. The clinical team is concerned about potential complications.

Which of the following are recognized complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 14-month-old girl presents with a history of severe colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, jelly-like stools. Ultrasound confirms intussusception, and air enema reduction is successfully performed. However, she develops persistent abdominal tenderness and increasing lethargy post-procedure. The clinical team is concerned about potential complications.

Which of the following complications should be considered in this case? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 10-month-old boy presented with classic symptoms of colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and red, jelly-like stools. Ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis, and an air enema was successfully performed to reduce the intussusception. The child recovered well, with no immediate complications. His parents are concerned about the long-term outcomes and the likelihood of recurrence.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

An 18-month-old girl presents with intermittent severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and red, jelly-like stools. An ultrasound confirms intussusception, and non-surgical air enema reduction is successfully performed. The child is stable post-procedure, but the parents are concerned about long-term risks and the possibility of recurrence.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 16-year-old tall, thin male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. He has no history of trauma and is otherwise healthy. He has recently started intensive weightlifting. The clinical team is considering possible causes and risk factors for his condition.You have arranged a chest X ray

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

 

 

A 15-year-old female presents with sudden onset left-sided chest pain and difficulty breathing. She also reports recently flying on a long-haul flight. On examination, there is reduced breath sound on the left side. You arranged a Chest X ray. The clinical team is evaluating possible risk factors for his condition.

Which of the following are common risk factors for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

 

 

A 16-year-old male presents with sudden onset chest pain after a long-haul flight. He reports that the pain is sharp, localized to the Right side, and worsens with deep inspiration. He denies fever, cough, or prior respiratory issues. On examination, his oxygen saturation is mildly reduced. Chest X ray is given below

Which of the following clinical features of this condition? Select four (4) correct answers.

 

 

 

A 15-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sudden onset left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. She has a history of smoking but no known lung disease.. The clinical team is evaluating for key signs associated with his condition. The Chest X ray is given below

Which of the following are recognized clinical signs of this condition? Select four (4) correct answers.

 

 

 

A 18-year-old male presents with sudden onset sharp right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath after an intense workout. He denies any trauma or previous respiratory issues. On examination, breath sounds are reduced on the right side, and percussion reveals hyperresonance. The clinical team suspects an underlying pulmonary condition and aims to confirm the diagnosis.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate for this condition? Select four (4) correct answers.

A 16-year-old female presents to the emergency department with sudden onset left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath following a long-haul flight. On examination, she has reduced breath sounds on the left side and hyperresonant percussion. The clinical team suspects an underlying thoracic condition and seeks to confirm the diagnosis and assess severity.

Which of the following investigations would be appropriate? Select four (4) correct answers.

A 15-year-old male presents with sudden onset sharp right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath after lifting heavy weights. On examination, breath sounds are reduced on the right side, and percussion is hyperresonant. You suspect a pneumothorax. You request a chest X-ray, which confirms a small right-sided pneumothorax with no mediastinal shift. The patient is otherwise stable with oxygen saturation at 97% on room air.

Which of the following management strategies would be appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 15-year-old female presents with sudden onset left-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath after a long-haul flight. She is visibly distressed, with oxygen saturation at 88% on room air. On examination, her trachea is deviated to the right, breath sounds are absent on the left side, and percussion is hyperresonant. You suspect a tension pneumothorax. You request a chest X-ray, which confirms a large left-sided pneumothorax with mediastinal shift.

Which of the following management strategies would be appropriate for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 16-year-old male presents with sudden onset right-sided chest pain and breathlessness after lifting weights. You suspect pneumothorax and request a chest X-ray, which confirms a moderate right-sided pneumothorax. The patient undergoes needle decompression and chest drain insertion. Post-procedure, he continues to experience reduced breath sounds and low oxygen saturation despite intervention.

Which of the following are recognized complications of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 16-year-old girl presents with sudden onset left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. You suspect pneumothorax and request a chest X-ray, which confirms a large left-sided pneumothorax. A chest drain is inserted, and the patient stabilizes initially but then develops increasing respiratory distress.

Which of the following are potential complications that you should consider? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old male presents with sudden onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath after lifting weights. You suspect pneumothorax and request a chest X-ray, which confirms a small right-sided pneumothorax. The patient is managed conservatively with observation and oxygen therapy. He stabilizes and is discharged with safety net advice. The patient inquires about the long-term outcomes and likelihood of recurrence.

Which of the following factors are associated with a better prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old female presents with sudden onset chest pain and breathlessness following a long-haul flight. You suspect pneumothorax and request a chest X-ray, which confirms a large left-sided pneumothorax. She undergoes successful chest drain insertion and stabilizes. The patient is concerned about potential long-term risks and the likelihood of recurrence.

Which of the following factors are associated with a poorer prognosis for this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 17-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with sudden onset difficulty breathing, hives, and facial swelling after consuming seafood at a restaurant. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis and consider factors that may have contributed to the severity of her reaction.

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for developing severe reactions of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 16-year-old biy presents to the emergency department with rapid onset facial swelling, hives, and hypotension after receiving an intravenous antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and consider potential risk factors for the severity of this reaction.

Which of the following are common risk factors for developing severe or life-threatening reactions of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 18-year-old female presents with sudden onset swelling of the face and lips, difficulty breathing, and a widespread rash after eating a peanut-based dessert. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer intramuscular adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis. While assessing the patient, you consider the key symptoms indicative of this condition.

Which of the following are common symptoms of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.

A 16-year-old male presents with sudden facial swelling, difficulty breathing, and flushing after receiving an intravenous antibiotic. You suspect anaphylaxis and immediately administer adrenaline. You request serum tryptase levels and consider key symptoms that may indicate progression to a life-threatening reaction.

Which of the following are recognized symptoms of this condition? Select five (5) correct answers.