Causes of Hypercalcemia
CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA
With normal or elevated PTH levels
• Primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
• lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism
• Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
With low (suppressed) PTH levels
• Malignancy – e.g. lung, breast, renal ovarian, colonic and thyroid carcinoma
• Multiple myeloma
• Elevated vitamin D – e.g. Intoxication or sarcoidosis
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Paget’s disease with immobilization
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Thiazide diuretics