CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA

With normal or elevated PTH levels

• Primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism

• lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism

• Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia

With low (suppressed) PTH levels

• Malignancy –  e.g. lung, breast, renal ovarian, colonic and thyroid carcinoma

• Multiple myeloma

• Elevated vitamin D –  e.g. Intoxication or sarcoidosis

• Thyrotoxicosis

• Paget’s disease with immobilization

• Milk-alkali syndrome

• Thiazide diuretics