Functional: No medical or mental reason
Drugs: prescription medication
Alcohol abuse
Recreational drug use- Marijuana
Antisocial personality disorder – cluster B
Affective (mood) disorders
Drug withdrawal (alcohol, ICE)

Serious disorders not to be missed

Vascular:

SAH
Acute coronary syndrome

Infection:

Encephalitis/meningitis
HIV/AIDS
Septicaemia

Tumours:

Cerebral tumours

Other:

Postictal (epilepsy)
Delirium
Subdural haematoma
Psychosis: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder

Often missed

Head injury
Electrolyte imbalance
Early Dementia
Major depression
Diabetes – hypoglycaemia
Drugs: iatrogenic/social-illicit
Thyroid – hyper/hypothyroid

Rarities

Neurosyphilis
CJD
Premenstrual dysphoria syndrome

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